Laryngeal papillomatosis or respiratory papillomatosis can occur due to the human papillomavirus HPV types 6 or However, cases are rare. Infection with either HPV type can cause noncancerous growths, called papillomas, to develop in the larynx. Some people may also develop genital warts.
Symptoms of laryngeal papillomatosis include :. Without treatment, laryngeal papillomatosis can spread to the lungs, which can lead to recurrent pneumonia or chronic lung disease. In extremely rare cases, some papillomas may become cancerous. Spasmodic dysphonia, or laryngeal dystonia, occurs when the muscles controlling the vocal cords involuntarily spasm. These muscle spasms affect the way the vocal cords vibrate.
Treatments for this condition include speech therapy, Botox injections , and surgery. Symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia include :. According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders , spasmodic dysphonia often results from issues with the basal ganglia.
These are the clusters of neurons in the center of the brain that control motor movement. Vocal cord paralysis occurs when one or both vocal cords cannot open or close properly. Possible causes include :. Learn more about vocal cord paralysis here. The larynx is a small structure composed of cartilage and soft tissues that serves as a pathway between the throat and the windpipe. It also houses the vocal cords, which are responsible for producing speech sounds.
Many different health conditions can affect the larynx, including laryngitis, vocal cord nodules, and vocal cord paralysis.
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Most people with anosmia can taste sweet, sour, salty, and bitter substances but cannot distinguish among specific flavors. This is because the sense of smell makes it possible to distinguish among flavors, not taste receptors as many people erroneously believe. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of anosmia?
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