It is associated with high societal costs 2 and greater functional impairment than many other chronic diseases, including diabetes and arthritis 3. Depression rates differ by age, sex, income, and health behaviors 4. This report provides the most recent national estimates of depression among adults.
Prevalence of depression is based on scores from the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 , a symptom-screening questionnaire that allows for criteria-based diagnoses of depressive disorders 5. Estimates for non-Hispanic Asian persons are presented for the first time. Figure 1. Percentage of persons aged 20 and over with depression, by age and sex: United States, — Access data table for Figure 1 pdf icon. Figure 2. Percentage of persons aged 20 and over with depression, by race and Hispanic origin and sex: United States, — Access data table for Figure 2 pdf icon.
Figure 3. Percentage of persons aged 20 and over with depression, by family income level: United States, — Depression was defined as a score greater than or equal to 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Access data table for Figure 3 pdf icon. Figure 4.
Percentage of persons aged 20 and over with depression who reported difficulty with work, home, or social activities due to depression symptoms: United States, — A physical exam and blood tests can rule out health problems that can be similar to or contribute to depression. A diagnosis of depression usually requires symptoms to occur for two weeks or more. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , the diagnosis must also include four other changes in functioning.
These may involve:. Clinical depression is treatable. Though, according to the WHO, less than 50 percent of those worldwide with depression receive treatment. The most common treatment methods are antidepressant medications and psychological counseling. In adults with moderate to severe depression, 40 to 60 people out of who took antidepressants noticed improved symptoms after six to eight weeks. This was compared with 20 to 40 people out of who noticed improvement with just a placebo.
The American Psychiatric Association suggests that a combination of both antidepressants and psychological counseling is, on average, more effective. But, each treatment on their own have roughly the same effectiveness. According to a study , therapy had a lower rate of relapse at the one- to two-year follow-up. Psychotherapy was found to have a significantly lower rate of relapse The study also found that psychotherapy had lower dropout rates than medication regimens.
This method uses magnetic pulses to stimulate the parts of your brain that regulate mood. Treatments are usually administered five days a week for six weeks. Psychotherapy and medication including vitamin D also work for seasonal depression. This condition can also be treated with light therapy.
Seasonal depression can sometimes improve on its own during the spring and summer months when daylight hours are longer. Shop for light therapy products. For severe cases, electroconvulsive therapy ECT may be used. ECT is a procedure in which electrical currents are passed through the brain.
Prolonged or chronic depression can have a devastating impact on your emotional and physical health. Untreated, it may put your life at risk. Major Depressive Disorder Clinical Depression ; a mental health condition characterized by an inescapable and ongoing low mood often accompanied by low self-esteem and loss of interest or pleasure in activities that a person used to find enjoyable. To meet the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder MDD , symptoms must be present nearly every day for at least 2 weeks.
MDD is also often referred to as Major Depression. Persistent Depressive Disorder; refers to a longer lasting form of depression. While Major Depressive Disorder is diagnosed if an individual experiences symptoms for at least 2 weeks, Persistent Depressive Disorder is used when symptoms of depression are present on most days for at least two years, but do not reach the severity of a major depressive episode. Prior to the release of the DSM-5 this was more commonly known as Dysthymia.
Post-Partum Depression ; depression that starts after child birth and lasts at least two weeks, up to a year. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ; a severe form of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome that is diagnosed when a woman experiences severe symptoms of depression, tension, and irritability in the week prior to menstruation.
Seasonal Affective Disorder ; a mood disorder involving symptoms of depression associated with varying levels of sunlight during fall and winter months which subsides during spring and summer. A quick, easy and confidential way to determine if you may be experiencing depression is to take a screening. A screening is not a diagnosis, but a way of understanding if your symptoms are having enough of an impact that you should seek help from a doctor or other professional.
Click here to take a depression screen. Depression is very treatable, with the overwhelming majority of those who seek treatment showing improvement.
Here are the latest statistics on suicide:. Depression can begin during childhood or during the teenage years. Similar to the prevalence rates in adults, girls are more likely to experience depression than boys.
Although there has been a rise in teenage depression, according to a American Academy of Pediatrics study, there has not been a corresponding increase in treatment for teenagers. The American Academy of Pediatrics now recommends regular depression screening for all adolescents 12 and over, given that the symptoms of depression are often missed by adults such as parents, teachers, and even doctors.
Here are the most recent depression statistics in children and adolescents:. Depression takes an economic toll on individuals, families, organizations, and society as a whole.
Depression is very treatable. But, only about half of all Americans who are diagnosed with depression in a given year get treatment. Those who do seek treatment wait months or years to get help. Many individuals with depression who seek treatment are under-treated.
Studies consistently show a combination of talk therapy and medication can be most effective in treating depression. Here are the latest statistics on depression treatment :. If you have symptoms of depression , there are resources available that can help:. If you suspect you have depression, talk to your healthcare provider. A physician can assess your symptoms and can provide you with a referral to a specialist if necessary.
You can also contact a mental health professional directly to discuss treatment options. If you suspect someone you know has depression, address your concerns. They may be willing to seek treatment if you bring up the subject. Everything feels more challenging when you're dealing with depression.
Get our free guide when you sign up for our newsletter. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th ed. Washington, DC: Author.
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